Merchandiser: Data Placement on Heterogeneous Memory for Task-Parallel HPC Applications with Load-Balance Awareness
The emergence of heterogeneous memory (HM) provides a cost-effective and high-performance solution to memory-consuming HPC applications. Deciding the placement of data objects on HM is critical for high performance. We reveal a performance problem related to data placement on HM. The problem is manifested as load imbalance among tasks in task-parallel HPC applications. The root of the problem comes from being unaware of parallel-task semantics and an incorrect assumption that bringing frequently accessed pages to fast memory always leads to better performance. To address this problem, we introduce a load balance-aware page management system, named \textit{Merchandiser}. Merchandiser introduces task semantics during memory profiling, rather than being application-agnostic. Using the limited task semantics, Merchandiser effectively sets up coordination among tasks on the usage of HM to finish \textit{all} tasks fast instead of only considering any individual task. Merchandiser is highly automated to enable high usability. Evaluating with memory-consuming HPC applications, we show that Merchandiser reduces load imbalance and leads to an average of 17.1% and 15.4% (up to 26.0% and 23.2%) performance improvement, compared with a hardware-based solution and an industry-quality software-based solution.